Resources

Water resources

Guides and reference pages for understanding public water reports, hardness, contaminants, and household testing.

Guides, tools, and reference pages

Use these pages when a city profile is not enough and you need help interpreting reports, hardness, testing, contaminants, or methodology.

Corrections Policy

Read the guide.

Data Sources

Read the guide.

Editorial Policy

Read the guide.

Fluoride in Drinking Water

Read the guide.

Hardest Water Cities in the MyWaterFacts Dataset

Read the guide.

How to Read a Water Quality Report

Read the guide.

How to Test Tap Water

Read the guide.

Lead in Drinking Water

Read the guide.

Nitrates in Drinking Water

Read the guide.

PFAS in Drinking Water

Read the guide.

Provider Matching Methodology

Read the guide.

Water Filter vs Water Softener

Read the guide.

Water Hardness Converter

Read the guide.

Water Hardness Data Methodology

Read the guide.

Water Hardness Scale

Read the guide.

Water Hardness by City

Read the guide.

Water Softener Sizing Calculator

Read the guide.

Water test checklist

Read the guide.

What Is Hard Water?

Read the guide.

Hardest Water Cities in America

Compare hard-water city examples, softener considerations, and provider-specific caveats.

What Is Water Hardness?

A plain-English guide to water hardness, calcium and magnesium, grains per gallon, ppm, scale, and what homeowners should check.

Hard Water vs Soft Water

Compare hard water and soft water in practical homeowner terms: scale, soap, appliances, softeners, and what to test before buying equipment.

How to Read a Water Quality Report

Learn how to read a utility water quality report, what it can tell you, and what it cannot tell you about your exact faucet.

How to Find Your Water Provider

A practical guide to finding the water provider for a home, apartment, or business before relying on a city water profile.

Do You Need a Water Softener?

A homeowner-focused guide to deciding whether a water softener makes sense based on hardness, symptoms, provider context, and testing.

Hard Water and Water Heaters

Scale, maintenance, and treatment decisions around water heaters.

Hard Water and Dishwashers

Spots, cloudy glasses, and what to test before buying equipment.

Hard Water and Laundry

Detergent performance, fabric feel, and hardness testing.

Hard Water and Shower Glass

White spots, film, and when hardness is likely involved.

Water Softener Maintenance Basics

Salt, settings, bridging, and basic ownership checks.

Water Softener Salt Guide

Pellets, crystals, salt bridges, and salt-use troubleshooting.

How Long Does a Water Softener Last?

Repair, replacement, lifespan factors, and maintenance clues.

Signs You Need a Water Softener

Hard-water clues, testing, and when treatment makes sense.

Common Water Softener Problems

Hard water returning, salt issues, leaks, and first checks.

More reference pages

Official-source city profiles

All reviewed city profiles now include an official-source check. These checks link to utility, city, provider, or agency pages used for report and provider context.